Expanded Table of Contents

 

1. Explaining the Continuity of U.S. Foreign Policy

  • Explaining Continuity: The Problem with Structural Accounts
  • The Cybernetic Approach
    • Policy Instruments and Missions
    • Policy Making as Concrete Problem Solving
  • Dimensions of Continuity
    • Micro-continuity
    • Meso-continuity
    • Macro-continuity

 

2. An Empire of Client States

  • Clientilism in Perspective
  • The Organizational Form of U.S. Clientilism
    • Headquarters
    • The Field
    • Links with Washington
  • Surveillance
  • Clientilism and Empire

 

3. Acquiring Client States

  • The Nature of Client Acquisition
  • Contexts of Client Acquisition
    • Post-Occupation
    • Switching
    • Danger
      • A Note on Alliances
    • Prewar/Postwar Planning
    • Special Access
  • Historical Patterns of Client Acquisition

 

4. The Routine Maintenance of Client States

  • Historical Trends in Client Maintenance Programs
    • Maintenance of Economically Deprived Clients
      • Economic Assistance
      • Military Assistance
      • Political Assistance
    • Maintenance of Wealthier Clients
      • Economic Contributions
      • Military Contributions
      • Political Contributions
    • Trends and Transitions
  • Client Maintenance Today

 

5. Client Maintenance by Interventions

  • The Concept of Intervention
  • Non-Military Intervention Situations
    • Emergency Economic Assistance: Node 1
    • Emergency Covert Political Assistance: Node 2
    • Jettisoning the President: Node 3
    • Losing the Client: Node 4
  • Military Intervention Situations
    • Emergency Military Aid and Advisers: Node 5
    • Combat Troops
      • Competent Clients: Open-Ended Combat: Node 6
      • Competent Clients: Life-Preserver: Node 7
      • Incompetent Clients: Easy Wins: Node 8
      • Incompetent Clients: Basket Cases: Node 9
    • Liquidating a Troop Deployment
      • Political Support: Drawdown and Negotiation: Node 10
      • Lack of Political Support: Rapid Liquidation: Node 11
    • Military Defeat: Node 12
  • Interventions Against Unacceptable Leaders
    • Military Supportive, Fighting Feasible: Overthrow by U.S. Combat  Forces: Node 13
    • Military Supportive, Fighting not Feasible: Long-Term Pressures: Node 14
    • Military Neutral: Proxy Forces and Psychological Warfare: Node 15
    • Military Opposed: Coups d’Etat: Node 16
  • Maintenance Interventions in Perspective

 

6. Hostile Intervention Against Enemy States

  • Covert Intervention Situations
    • Coups d’Etat: Node 17
    • Punctuated Military Operations: Node 18
    • Aid to Internal Armed Opposition Forces: Node 19
  • Overt Intervention Situations
    • Large-Scale Combat: Node 20
    • Sustained and Asymmetrical Attacks: Node 21
    • Combat Operations Alongside Local Insurgent Forces: Node 22
      • A Note on Assassination
    • Invasion by U.S. Troops: Node 23
  • Hostile Interventions in Perspective

 

7. The Persistence of Client-State Imperialism

  • Standard Arguments for Policy Discontinuity
    • Imperial Overstretch
    • War-weariness
    • Changed International Structure
    • Changes in Clients’ Policies
  • Ideology and Policy Instruments
    • Ideology
    • The Persistence of Policy Instruments
  • The Clientilist Time Machine
    • End of the Cold War
    • World War II
    • The Spanish-American War
      • Clientilism and Its Predecessors
      • The Continuation of Older Policy Instruments
  • U.S. Foreign Policy in Perspective